Time-resolved spectroscopy: Using femtosecond laser pulses to probe fast chemical reactions and molecular dynamics in real time.
Laser-induced chemical reactions: Initiating or controlling chemical reactions using high-energy, ultrafast pulses to manipulate molecular bonds.
Material modification: Using femtosecond lasers to alter materials with minimal heat diffusion, allowing for precise and localized changes in the structure or properties of a material, often used in nanofabrication.